Malaria for AP World History

Feb 18

2 min read

Malaria as a disease of poverty is an illustrative example of the Technological Advances and Limitations after 1900: Disease topic in Unit 9 of AP World History. You could reference this example on your AP World History test.

Malaria, an ancient disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes, has long been intertwined with human history. Over the centuries, various treatments have been employed, reflecting the diverse cultures and medical knowledge of different eras. Traditional remedies, such as the use of quinine derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, were prevalent in South America and later adopted in Europe during colonial times. However, the reliance on quinine gave way to synthetic drugs like chloroquine in the 20th century, which became widely used until the emergence of drug-resistant strains of malaria parasites. Subsequent treatments, including artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), have been developed to combat resistance.

In addition to treatment, numerous programs and initiatives have been implemented to prevent and control malaria. Vector control measures, such as the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying, have proven effective in reducing mosquito populations and preventing transmission. Furthermore, community-based interventions, health education campaigns, and efforts to improve access to healthcare services have been integral in combating the spread of malaria.

Despite these advancements, malaria remains disproportionately prevalent in impoverished regions, earning its reputation as a disease of poverty. Factors such as inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited access to prevention and treatment measures, and socio-economic disparities contribute to its persistence in these areas. Additionally, environmental factors, including stagnant water and inadequate sanitation, create breeding grounds for mosquitoes, further exacerbating the burden of malaria in impoverished communities. Addressing the root causes of poverty and implementing comprehensive, sustainable strategies are essential in the ongoing fight against malaria.