Globalized Culture after 1900 for AP World History

Feb 23

9 min read

Globalization changed economics and politics as countries developed new ways to work together and compete. It also changed the culture of individuals. Innovation in transportation and communication meant that ideas could rapidly spread around the world. As a result, different cultures could influence each other in a way never before seen in human history. Read the Google Slides to learn about globalized culture after 1900.

Illustrative Examples

Music: Reggae

Movies: Bollywood

Social Media: Facebook, Twitter

Television: BBC

Sports: World Cup, Olympics

Online Commerce: Alibaba, eBay

Global Brands: Toyota, Coca-Cola

Political and Social Changes Lead to Changes in the Arts

The 20th century witnessed profound political and social upheavals that reverberated across all facets of society, including the arts. From the aftermath of two World Wars to the rise and fall of totalitarian regimes, these tumultuous events sparked significant shifts in artistic expression and experimentation. Artists, grappling with the complexities of the modern world, sought to reflect and respond to the changing realities around them through their work. The emergence of movements such as Dadaism, Surrealism, and Abstract Expressionism exemplified a departure from traditional artistic conventions, embracing avant-garde techniques and challenging established norms. Moreover, social movements like feminism, civil rights, and LGBTQ+ rights inspired artists to explore themes of identity, equality, and social justice in their work. By engaging with pressing political and social issues of the time, artists not only mirrored the turbulence of the era but also played a pivotal role in shaping cultural discourse and provoking meaningful dialogue about the human experience.

Global Pop Culture

The emergence of global pop culture in the 20th and 21st centuries represents a seismic shift in how people around the world consume, produce, and interact with cultural forms. Facilitated by advances in technology, communication, and globalization, pop culture transcends geographical boundaries, bringing diverse communities together through shared experiences and common interests. Iconic figures such as Elvis Presley, The Beatles, and Michael Jackson became global sensations, their music and personas resonating across continents and cultures. Similarly, blockbuster films, television shows, and digital media platforms have become ubiquitous, shaping collective tastes and shaping cultural identities on a global scale. Moreover, the internet and social media have democratized access to information and entertainment, enabling individuals from different corners of the globe to participate in the creation and dissemination of pop culture phenomena. The rise of global pop culture reflects a dynamic exchange of ideas, values, and aesthetics, enriching the cultural landscape and fostering a sense of interconnectedness in an increasingly interconnected world.

Reggae

Reggae, born from the vibrant cultural landscape of Jamaica in the late 1960s, is a genre of music that embodies the spirit of resilience, social commentary, and unity. Emerging as a fusion of traditional Jamaican musical styles such as ska and rocksteady, reggae was pioneered by legendary artists like Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Jimmy Cliff, whose music transcended borders to become a global phenomenon. Rooted in the socio-political struggles of Jamaica, reggae served as a voice for the marginalized and oppressed, addressing issues of poverty, inequality, and racial injustice. Its hypnotic rhythms, characterized by offbeat accents and syncopated guitar patterns, reflect the heartbeat of the island and evoke a sense of solidarity and rebellion. The distinctive sound of the bassline, often prominent in reggae music, adds depth and groove to the music, while the use of vocal harmonies and call-and-response chants creates a sense of community and collective expression. With its infectious melodies and powerful lyrics, reggae has transcended cultural boundaries to become a symbol of hope, liberation, and cultural identity for people around the world.

Bob Marley

Bob Marley, the legendary reggae icon, remains one of the most influential figures in music history. Born in rural Jamaica in 1945, Marley rose to prominence in the 1970s, captivating audiences with his soulful voice, poignant lyrics, and infectious rhythms. As the frontman of The Wailers, Marley helped popularize reggae music on a global scale, becoming an international symbol of peace, love, and unity. His music transcended genres and boundaries, addressing themes of social justice, spirituality, and cultural pride. Songs like “One Love,” “Redemption Song,” and “No Woman, No Cry” resonate with audiences worldwide, embodying Marley’s message of hope and resilience. Despite facing adversity and persecution throughout his life, Marley remained steadfast in his commitment to spreading positive vibrations through music. His legacy endures long after his passing in 1981, continuing to inspire generations of fans and musicians to stand up for what they believe in and strive for a better world.

Bollywood

Bollywood, the term coined by blending “Bombay” (the former name of Mumbai) and “Hollywood,” refers to the Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai, India. However, its influence transcends geographical boundaries, making it a global cultural phenomenon. Bollywood films are renowned for their vibrant storytelling, elaborate song-and-dance sequences, and melodious soundtracks. This unique blend of romance, drama, comedy, and music has captured the hearts of audiences worldwide, regardless of linguistic or cultural differences. With a massive global diaspora, Bollywood has become a cultural ambassador for Indian cinema, introducing audiences to the rich tapestry of Indian culture, traditions, and values. Its reach extends beyond traditional film markets, with Bollywood stars and songs enjoying widespread popularity in countries as diverse as the United States, United Kingdom, Nigeria, and beyond. Through its colorful and captivating narratives, Bollywood continues to serve as a bridge between cultures, fostering cross-cultural exchange and celebrating the universal themes of love, family, and humanity.

Social Media

Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have become integral components of global pop culture, reshaping the way people interact, communicate, and consume information. With billions of users worldwide, these platforms serve as virtual hubs where individuals from diverse backgrounds can connect, share experiences, and engage in conversations on a wide range of topics. From viral memes and trending hashtags to live streams of major events, social media has democratized access to popular culture, allowing users to participate in real-time cultural phenomena and shape the cultural zeitgeist. Celebrities, influencers, and brands leverage social media to amplify their reach, cultivate fan communities, and promote products and content, further blurring the lines between entertainment, advertising, and everyday life. Moreover, social media has given rise to new forms of cultural expression, such as user-generated content, online communities, and digital activism, which have become driving forces in shaping contemporary pop culture. Despite concerns about privacy, misinformation, and algorithmic biases, social media continues to exert a profound influence on global culture, reflecting and shaping the aspirations, values, and trends of societies around the world.

The BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), founded in 1922, stands as a pioneering institution in the realm of global pop culture. Originating from humble beginnings with a single radio station, the BBC was established as a public service broadcaster by the British government to inform, educate, and entertain the masses. Over the decades, it has evolved into a multimedia powerhouse, delivering news, television, radio, and digital content to audiences around the world. From iconic radio programs like “The Goon Show” to groundbreaking television series such as “Doctor Who” and “The Office,” the BBC has produced a wealth of programming that has left an indelible mark on global popular culture. Its influence extends far beyond British shores, with millions of viewers tuning in to BBC productions, news broadcasts, and documentaries across continents. Moreover, the BBC’s commitment to impartiality, quality journalism, and diverse storytelling has earned it a reputation as a trusted source of information and entertainment. As a cultural ambassador for the United Kingdom, the BBC continues to shape and reflect the aspirations, values, and diversity of societies around the world, cementing its status as a cornerstone of global pop culture.

Sports

Sports, including marquee events like the World Cup and the Olympics, have emerged as integral components of global pop culture, transcending borders and uniting nations through the universal language of competition and athleticism. The World Cup, the pinnacle of international football (soccer) tournaments, draws billions of viewers from every corner of the globe, igniting fervent passion and national pride as countries vie for the prestigious title. Similarly, the Olympics, with its diverse array of sports and athletes, captivates audiences worldwide, showcasing the triumph of the human spirit and the power of sportsmanship. These mega-events not only celebrate athletic excellence but also serve as platforms for cultural exchange, diplomacy, and solidarity, fostering a sense of unity and camaraderie among nations. Beyond the spectacle of competition, sports icons like Usain Bolt, Michael Phelps, and Serena Williams have transcended their respective disciplines to become global icons, inspiring millions with their talent, perseverance, and charisma. Whether it’s the thrill of victory or the agony of defeat, sports resonate deeply with people of all ages, backgrounds, and cultures, embodying the values of teamwork, determination, and fair play that define our shared human experience.

Global Consumer Culture

The emergence of global consumer culture in the 20th and 21st centuries marks a profound transformation in the way individuals interact with goods and services worldwide. Fueled by rapid advancements in transportation, communication, and trade, consumer culture transcends geographical boundaries, shaping preferences, values, and lifestyles on a global scale. Iconic brands and corporations wield significant influence, leveraging marketing strategies to create aspirational identities and cultivate consumer loyalty across diverse markets. Moreover, the proliferation of mass media, advertising, and digital platforms amplifies consumerism, inundating individuals with messages that promote consumption as a means of self-expression and social status. This phenomenon is evident in the prevalence of fast fashion, global food chains, and technological gadgets, which have become emblematic of modern consumer culture. While global consumerism has contributed to economic growth and prosperity in some regions, it has also raised concerns about sustainability, inequality, and cultural homogenization. As societies grapple with the complexities of consumer culture, there is a growing recognition of the need for more ethical, mindful consumption practices that prioritize environmental stewardship and social responsibility.

Online Commerce

Online commerce, epitomized by industry giants like Amazon, eBay, and Alibaba, has become an integral facet of global consumer culture, fundamentally transforming the way people shop and interact with goods and services worldwide. Amazon, founded in 1994, stands as a pioneer in the field, offering an extensive range of products and services through its user-friendly platform and unparalleled logistics network. eBay, launched in 1995, revolutionized the concept of online auctions, providing individuals with a platform to buy and sell goods in a virtual marketplace. Meanwhile, Alibaba, established in 1999, has emerged as a dominant force in the global e-commerce landscape, connecting businesses and consumers across the globe through its expansive online marketplace and digital payment platforms. These platforms have democratized access to goods, enabling consumers to shop from the comfort of their homes and businesses to reach a global audience. Moreover, they have reshaped consumer behavior, preferences, and expectations, driving innovation and competition in the digital marketplace. As online commerce continues to evolve and expand, it will continue to play an increasingly pivotal role in shaping the dynamics of global consumer culture, offering unprecedented opportunities for businesses and consumers alike.

Global Brands

Global brands like Toyota and Coca-Cola are quintessential components of global consumer culture, transcending borders and cultures to become household names worldwide. Toyota, founded in 1937, has grown into one of the largest automobile manufacturers globally, renowned for its reliability, innovation, and commitment to sustainability. With a diverse portfolio of vehicles catering to various markets and preferences, Toyota has established itself as a symbol of quality and performance, commanding a loyal customer base across continents. Similarly, Coca-Cola, founded in 1886, has become an iconic symbol of American culture and capitalism, synonymous with refreshment, happiness, and tradition. Through its ubiquitous presence and timeless marketing campaigns, Coca-Cola has woven itself into the fabric of global society, capturing the hearts and taste buds of consumers in over 200 countries. These global brands exemplify the power of branding and marketing in shaping consumer preferences and behavior, leveraging their reputation, heritage, and values to establish a strong emotional connection with consumers. As symbols of reliability, quality, and familiarity, brands like Toyota and Coca-Cola play a pivotal role in shaping global consumer culture, embodying the aspirations, desires, and values of societies around the world.

Globalized Society

In the 21st century, the realms of arts, entertainment, and popular culture have undergone a remarkable transformation, increasingly reflecting the influence of a globalized society. With advancements in technology, communication, and travel, barriers to cultural exchange have diminished, allowing ideas, trends, and expressions to flow seamlessly across borders. This interconnectedness has led to a rich tapestry of cultural fusion and hybridization, as artists, creators, and entertainers draw inspiration from diverse traditions, languages, and perspectives. For instance, in the music industry, collaborations between artists from different countries have become commonplace, leading to the creation of globally popular genres like K-pop, which blends elements of Korean and Western music styles. Similarly, in the world of film, international co-productions and cross-cultural storytelling have resulted in critically acclaimed works such as “Slumdog Millionaire,” which seamlessly weaves together Indian and Western cinematic sensibilities. These examples highlight how arts and entertainment have become vehicles for fostering cross-cultural understanding and celebrating the diversity of our global society.

Globalized Consumer Culture

In the era of globalization, consumer culture experienced a profound evolution, extending beyond national borders and interconnecting on a global scale. Technological advancements, along with improved transportation and communication, facilitated the dissemination of goods, services, and ideas across continents, reshaping consumer behavior worldwide. Two specific examples of this phenomenon include the widespread popularity of fast food chains like McDonald’s and Starbucks. These iconic brands have successfully established a presence in numerous countries, adapting their offerings to local tastes while maintaining a consistent global image. Additionally, the rise of e-commerce giants like Amazon and Alibaba has revolutionized how people shop, enabling individuals from diverse backgrounds to access a vast array of products from anywhere in the world with just a few clicks. These examples illustrate how consumer culture has transcended national boundaries, creating a global marketplace where brands and products resonate with consumers across cultures and continents.

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